Abstract
Laser guided missiles
use a laser of a certain frequency bandwidth to acquire their target.
GPS/inertial weapons are oblivious to the effects of weather, allowing a target
to be engaged at the time of the attacker's choosing. GPS allows accurate
targeting of various military weapons including ICBMs, cruise missiles and
precision-guided munitions. Artillery projectiles with embedded GPS receivers
able to withstand accelerations of 12,000 G have been developed for use in 155
mm. GPS signals can also be affected by multipath issues, where the radio
signals reflect off surrounding terrain; buildings, canyon walls, hard ground ,
etc. These delayed signals can cause inaccuracy. A variety of techniques, most
notably narrow correlator spacing, have been developed to mitigate multipath
errors. Multipath effects are much less severe in moving vehicles. When the GPS
antenna is moving, the false solutions using reflected signals quickly fail to
converge and only the direct signals result in stable solutions
Concept of missile
guidance
Missile guidance
concerns the method by which the missile receives its commands to move along a
certain path to reach a target. On some missiles, these commands are generated
internally by the missile computer autopilot. On others, the commands are
transmitted to the missile by some external source.
Missile guidance using
radar signal
Many machines used in
battle, such as tanks, planes, etc. and targets, such as buildings, hangers,
launch pads, etc. have a specific signature when a radar wave is reflected off
of it. Guided missiles that use radar signatures to acquire their targets are
programmed with the specific signature to home in on. Once the missile is
launched, it then uses its onboard navigational array to home in on the preprogrammed
radar signature. Most radar guided missiles are very successful in acquiring
their targets, however, these missiles need a source to pump out radar signals
so that they can acquire their target. The major problem with these missiles in
today’s battlefield is that the countermeasures used against these missiles
work on the same principles that these missiles operate under.
Elements of GPS
GPS has three parts:
the space segment, the user segment, and the control segment. The space segment
consists of a constellation of 24 satellites plus some spares, each in its own
orbit 11,000 nautical miles above Earth. The user segment consists of
receivers, which we can hold in our hand or mount in a vehicle. The control segment
consists of ground stations that make sure the satellites are working properly.
Conclusions
The proliferation of
GPS and INS guidance is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, this technology
promise a revolution in air warfare not seen since the laser guided bomb, with
single bombers being capable of doing the task of multiple aircraft packages.
In summary, GPS-INS guided weapons are not affected by harsh weather conditions
or restricted by a wire, nor do they leave the gunner vulnerable for attack.
GPS guided weapons, with their technological advances over previous, are the
superior weapon of choice in modern day warfare.
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