Abstract :- :-
Disaster
is an sudden occurring calamity that causes distress. Disasters themselves are
not limited to specific parts of world, though; certain areas might be more
prone to certain specific type of disaster. Disaster cannot be stopped but can
be predicted. There are certain types of disasters, where, the loss during the
actual event is not necessarily as high, but, the losses become very high due
to inability to manage the situation in a timely manner. More often than not,
it happens due to confusion and chaos in the context of too much loss, and,
inefficient utilization of resources - which are already strained. Disaster
management works for the same sense. Disaster management works under a cycle of
prevention, mitigation, preparedness & recovery. These activities include
prediction of disaster, rate of disaster strike per year, rate of losses due to
disaster, etc. The management gives safety criteria such as building and by
laws for Earthquake,
maintaining ground water table to sustain droughts, conducting programmes on awareness
among peoples, proving shelter, food and other needs after disaster strike,
etc. Management also has organizations of ready trained volunteers to help the
peoples those who faced the disaster. GIS is an excellent tool for disaster
management such as detecting the correct location of disaster, analysis of
losses occurred, area affected and displays the updated data through internet
for general awareness. As having wide range of future scope it enables us to be
prepared for any uncertain calamity & a right path to follow.
What Is Disaster Management?
Disaster
prevention begins at the top of an organization. The attitude of senior
management toward security and prevention should permeate the entire
organization. Once the potential areas of high exposure to the organization are
identified, additional preventative measures can be considered for
implementation. Mitigation is the most cost-efficient method for reducing the
impact of hazards; however it is not always suitable. In the preparedness
phase, emergency managers develop plans of action for when the disaster
strikes. The aim of the recovery phase is to restore the affected area to its
previous state.
1.
Prevention
2.
Mitigation
3.
Risk Analysis
4.
Preparedness
5.
Recovery
Prevention
Disaster
prevention techniques include two categories: procedural prevention and
physical prevention. Procedural prevention relates to activities performed on a
day-to-day, month-to-month, or annual basis, relating to security and recovery.
Procedural prevention begins with assigning responsibility to authority to meet
the challenges. The objective of procedural prevention is to define activities
necessary to prevent impacts of disasters and ensure that these activities are
performed regularly.
Physical
prevention for disaster begins when a site is constructed. It includes special
requirements for building construction, as well as fire protection for various
equipment components. Special considerations include: computer area, fire
detection and extinguishing systems, record(s) protection, air conditioning,
heating and ventilation, electrical supply and UPS systems, emergency
procedures, vault storage area(s), archival systems.
Recovery
Disaster
recovery is the process, policies and procedures related to preparing for
recovery or continuation of technology infrastructure critical to an
organization after a natural or human-induced disaster. They include two sets
of activities:
(1) Short-term recovery activities return
vital life-support systems to minimum operating standards (for example,
cleanup, temporary housing, and access to food and water), and
(2)
Long-term recovery activities may continue for a number of years after a
disaster. Their purpose is to return life to normal or improved levels (for
example, redevelopment loans, legal assistance, and community planning).
A
business continuity plan (BCP) includes planning for non-IT related aspects
such as key personnel, facilities, crisis communication and reputation
protection, and should refer to the disaster recovery plan (DRP) for IT related
infrastructure recovery / continuity.
Recovery efforts are primarily
concerned with actions that involve rebuilding destroyed property,
re-employment, and the repair of other essential infrastructure. An important
aspect of effective recovery efforts is taking advantage of a ‘window of
opportunity’ for the implementation of mitigative measures that might otherwise
be unpopular. Citizens of the affected area are more likely to accept more
mitigative changes when a recent disaster is in fresh memory.
Conclusion
Thus,
the main motivation behind disaster management is to minimize the losses at the
time of a disaster as well as ensure most efficient utilization of resources -
which are already scarce.
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