Thursday, May 15

Motes


Introduction 

Over the last year or so you may have heard about a new computing concept known as motes. This concept is also called smart dust and wireless sensing networks. It seems like just about every issue of Popular Science, Discover and Wired today contains a blurb about some new application of the mote idea. 

Intel Mote Hardware 

The Intel Mote has been designed after a careful study of the application space for sensor networks. We have interviewed a number of researchers in this space and collected their feedback on desired im-provements over currently available mote designs. 

A Typical Mote

MICA mote is a commercially available product that has been used widely by researchers and developers. It has all of the typical features of a mote and therefore can help you understand what this technology makes possible today. MICA motes are available to the general public through a company called Crossbow. These motes come in two form factors: 

      Rectangular, measuring 2.25 x 1.25 by 0.25 inches (5.7 x 3.18 x.64 centimeters), it is sized to fit on top of two AA batteries that provide it with power. 

      Circular, measuring 1.0 by 0.25 inches (2.5 x .64 centimeters), it is sized to fit on top of a 3 volt button cell battery. 


Bluetooth Based Mesh Networks 

Bluetooth was originally designed for personal area networks (PANs) that are quite different from the application that we had in mind. PANs are often simple star network topologies that consist of a sin-gle master and a number of attached slaves. A very simple example would be a BT-enabled cell phone nd wireless headset (a point to point connection consisting of a single master and single slave). A more complex network could involve a PC as the master with mouse, keyboard and printer attached as wireless slaves. Such a network is called a piconet in the BT specification. 

For a number of sensor network applications that use battery powered nodes, low power consumption is essential. In order to support this, the Intel Mote employs a number of power reduction schemas. The overall platform can be brought to a low power state when no active computation of communication is ongoing. In this mode, power consumption is about 1mW or less. In addition, the Bluetooth protocol allows for the radio to enter low power states in-between active communication slots. Special commands allow devices to enter “hold”, “sniff” or “park” modes.

Conclusion

We have described the design of a new enhanced sensor network node, called the Mote. This device provides enhanced CPU, storage and radio facilities that various sensor network application developers and implementers have been asking for.
 

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